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Grammar 10
Preview
Here’s a preview of the phrases you’ll be learning in this lesson.
Vocabulary Exercises
Phrase Exercises
The exercises in this lesson use only the informal mode of address (the modes of address were covered in Grammar 9).
Key concepts
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Adjectives change their endings to agree with the gender and the number of the nouns that they modify. In other words, adjectives have up to four different endings to agree with masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural and feminine plural nouns.
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There are two main types of adjectives that form their endings in different ways. One type ends in -o in the masculine singular (like nuovo, new) and the other ends in -e in the masculine singular (like grande, big). The following tables show how the endings are formed for these two different types of adjectives.
| Form | Word | Example sentence |
|---|
| masculine singular | nuovo | Il libro è nuovo. |
| feminine singular | nuova | la macchina è nuova. |
| masculine plural | nuovi | I libri sono nuovi. |
| feminine plural | nuove | Le macchine sono nuove. |
| Form | Word | Example sentence |
|---|
| masculine singular | grande | Il pomodoro è grande. |
| feminine singular | grande | La mela è grande. |
| masculine plural | grandi | I pomodori sono grandi. |
| feminine plural | grandi | Le mele sono grandi. |
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You learnt in Grammar 1 that Italian verbs have different endings that indicate who is doing the action represented by the verb (eg. parlo, parli, parla). This is true about 99% of the time, however in this lesson you saw that the irregular verb form sono can mean either I am or they are. This rarely causes any confusion because there are usually other grammatical elements in the sentence that have to be either singular or plural to match the verb. For example Sono stanco = I am tired and Sono stanchi = They are tired.
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In this lesson you encountered three different adverbs that can be used to modify adjectives: molto, very, piuttosto, quite and troppo, too. These types of adverbs are placed immediately before the adjectives that they modify, just like in English. Adverbs are always invariable, which means that they never change their endings to agree with any other words in the sentence.
Next Lesson: Grammar 11
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Part B: Grammar →
Grammar 10
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